Our engineers have performed these studies for complete transmission systems, distribution networks, and individual sites, and for a range of purposes. The results often feed into other studies that MPE can undertake such as protection coordination, arc flash and connection studies. The services that MPE offers in this area include:

Short circuit studies allow assessment of equipment rating (e.g. switchgear, cables, and generation), and provides input into other studies such as protection coordination or earthing design. MPE can perform these studies to any published standard (e.g. IEC 60909 (2016) or ER G74) using a range of software including DIgSILENT PowerFactory, PSS/E, ETAP, or MPE's in house short circuit calculation tool, which can be adjusted to any standard or non-standard fault current calculation method.

Power systems must remain stable for a variety of disturbances, considering a wide range of dynamic responses for different equipment and system configurations. MPE can perform dynamic studies to assess the stability of any network. Our services include:

The results of the EMT studies can be used in insulation coordination procedures to define minimum insulation requirements for equipment, or to design mitigation measures such as surge arresters and sheath voltage limiters. These are designed in accordance with international standards such as IEC 60071 and IEEE C62.82.2.
We also specialise in circuit breaker transient recovery voltage (TRV) simulations to assess circuit breaker dielectric capabilities, and designing the most cost effective mitigation measures where required.
One area of particular expertise for MPE is with transient studies for HVAC connected offshore wind farms with long export cables (up to and in excess of 200 km and 275 kV), and array networks with voltages up to 66 kV.

Harmonics in power systems can cause overvoltages, excessive heating of equipment, mal-operation of equipment, and poor power quality for end-users. Our comprehensive study approach considers different system configurations, equipment outages, harmonic voltage gain factors / transfer coefficients, and harmonic impedance loci or full harmonic network models. MPE offers a suite of services including:

Electrical faults can release significant amounts of energy, endangering personnel. Arc flash studies quantify the hazards posed by these faults, allowing suitable PPE and other mitigations to be put in place.
MPE can conduct complete arc flash studies in accordance with IEEE 1584. Our services in this area include:

Our engineers are experienced with protection coordination studies for generators, transmission systems, distribution networks and industrial plants.
MPE offers a wide range of services related to protection systems including:

Sub-synchronous resonance (SSR) studies are typically completed for transmission systems with series-compensated overhead lines near generating plant. The series-connected capacitors can interact with generator mechanical systems, exciting torsional vibration modes and potentially causing severe damage to the turbine-generator shaft system.

MPE can develop customised plant and equipment simulation models, suitable for use with power system analysis software such as DIgSILENT Power Factory, PSCAD, EMTP-ATP, Siemens PSS/E, RSCAD and ETAP.
This service helps developers and manufacturers in fulfilling utility requirements for new generation sites.

We can provide all required grid and distribution code compliance studies for any international requirement (including ENTSO-E requirements) for synchronous or non-synchronous plant. In fact, MPE has developed many of the international requirements found in Grid Codes and Connection Conditions around the world. Therefore we understand the results the utilities are looking for. If non-compliance becomes apparent, then we can propose design modifications or recommend a course of action to resolve the issue, including supporting discussions with the utility / system operator. Examples of the studies we provide include;

The ER G99 standard was introduced in the UK in 2019 following the adoption of the ENTSO-E RfG code requirements. In addition to the typical G5, P28, P28 type studies, it introduced other technical and power system study requirements for distribution connected plant. MPE has successfully delivered many sets of study documentation for Type B, C and D plant to date – for both GB and NI versions of the G99 standard, for converter based and synchronous generation. These requirements are similar to those already found in the GB Grid Code for transmission connected generation. Depending on the size of the plant the requirements include:

Grid owners may request power quality studies prior to allowing connection of new generation or loads to their network. In the UK, these studies are known by the Engineering Recommendation standards G5/4 (harmonics), G5/5 (new harmonic standard) , P28 (rapid voltage change and flicker) and P29 (voltage unbalance).
MPE has substantial expertise in this area — we have completed numerous power quality studies, for sites that are only a few megawatts through to a 2 GW generating plant connected at 400 kV. Our services include: